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Evaluation from ÇEVKO Foundation Secretary General Mete İmer after the 28th UN Conference of the Parties (COP28)
22 Dec 2023```html
The main agenda of the UN 28th Conference of the Parties, which took place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, between 30 November and 13 December 2023, was to determine where we are in the goals set out in the Paris Climate Agreement and to make a situation assessment for our world in this context. While observers stated that whether to exit fossil fuels caused disagreements during the meetings held at the conference, the conference ended with a consensus on this issue, and although no promise was made to exit fossil fuels, a comment was made that could be described as 'the beginning of the end of the fossil fuel era'. Reducing the use of fossil fuels used in energy systems in a "fair, orderly and equitable" manner, under the leadership of developed countries, has been included in the text.
The global situation assessment conducted for the first time actually revealed a negative result; Unfortunately, it seems that the progress towards fulfilling the commitments mentioned in the Paris Climate Agreement is not progressing at the desired pace. By 2030, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 43% compared to 2019 levels so that the 1.5 degree Celsius increase limit set in the Paris Climate Agreement can be met. Additionally, in order to achieve the determined targets, renewable energy capacities must increase 3 times and energy efficiency improvements must increase 2 times by 2030! In the shorter term, Parties were invited to make more ambitious climate action plans by 2025, known as “national contributions”, that take into account the 1.5 C limit, cover all greenhouse gas emissions, sectors and categories, and are extended to the whole economy.
The entry into force of the Loss and Damage Fund, which was created to increase the resilience of countries against the effects of climate change, that is, to cover the damages arising from the climate crisis within the scope of "adaptation to climate change" efforts, was a pleasing development. The parties also agreed to determine the framework and targets under which financial, technological and capacity building efforts will be supported to increase the resilience and adaptation of countries under the name of 'Global Harmonization Goal'.
The biggest problem in dealing with the climate crisis is that climate finance has not reached the targeted sufficient amount. The global situation assessment revealed that the financial commitments of developed countries remain far below the trillions of dollars needed for developing countries' transition to clean energy and implementation of national climate plans and adaptation efforts. The evaluation underlined that in order to provide this amount of funding, there is a need to reform the multilateral financial architecture and to accelerate the ongoing action of creating new and creative financial resources. At the conference, the 'new, collective, concrete target in climate finance' was determined as at least 100 billion dollars a year, starting from 2024.
During the two-week conference, 154 heads of state and government; Approximately 85,000 participants from civil society, business world, local people, youth, charitable organizations and international organizations took part. The conference also led to the formation of various new initiatives, clubs and partnerships between states and parties; It saw the expansion of existing initiatives, clubs and partnerships with new participants.
It was decided that the 29th UN Conference of the Parties in 2024 will be held in Azerbaijan, and the 30th Conference of the Parties in 2025 will be held in Brazil. At COP 29, governments must set a new financial target required by the scale and urgency of the climate crisis. At COP 30, it is aimed that more ambitious, new national contributions, taking into account the 1.5 C limit, will form the main agenda.
The United Nations Conferences of the Parties and other similar meetings held in the eyes of the international community leave no room for surprises by revealing what has been done and what has not been done against the climate crisis. Although we, as humanity, still have time to win this war, this time has decreased a lot. In this respect, the responsibility falling on each of us has increased that much.
Mete İmer
Source: UNFCCC
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